Understanding Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that affects the hand and arm, causing pain, numbness, and tingling. It occurs when one of the major nerves to the hand — the median nerve — is squeezed or compressed as it travels through the wrist.

The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway located on the palm side of your wrist. It is made up of bones and ligaments, creating a channel for the median nerve and tendons to pass through. The median nerve is responsible for providing sensation to the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of the ring finger. It also controls some of the small muscles at the base of the thumb.

CTS is caused by pressure on the median nerve. Factors that may contribute to this pressure include:

1. Repetitive Hand Movements: Activities that involve repetitive motions of the hand and wrist can contribute to CTS. This includes typing, using tools, or playing musical instruments.
2. Wrist Anatomy: Some people naturally have a smaller carpal tunnel, which can increase the likelihood of nerve compression.
3. Health Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid disorders can increase the risk of developing CTS.
4. Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause swelling and increased pressure on the median nerve.

 Symptoms of CTS usually start gradually and can include:

• Numbness or tingling in the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers, but not the little finger.
• Pain or a burning sensation that can extend up the arm.
• Weakness in the hand and difficulty with fine motor skills, such as buttoning clothes.
• A tendency to drop objects due to weakened grip.

Treatment for CTS varies based on the severity of the condition and can range from non-surgical methods to surgery.

Non-Surgical Treatments:

1. Wrist Splinting: Wearing a splint at night can help keep the wrist in a neutral position, reducing pressure on the median nerve.
2. Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help relieve pain and reduce inflammation.

Interventional Treatments:

1. Steroid Injections: Injecting corticosteroids into the carpal tunnel can reduce inflammation and swelling, providing temporary relief. 
2. Prolotherapy: Involves injecting a dextrose solution into the affected area to promote tissue repair and alleviate pain by stimulating the body's natural healing process. 

If symptoms are severe or do not respond to non-surgical treatments, surgery may be necessary.