Trigger Finger: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

 Trigger finger, medically known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a condition that affects the tendons in the fingers or thumb. This condition causes one or more fingers to become stuck in a bent position and then snap straight, much like a trigger being pulled and released. It can be painful and may interfere with daily activities. 

Trigger finger occurs when the flexor tendons that control finger movement become irritated and swollen. These tendons usually glide smoothly through a sheath that surrounds them. However, when the tendons become inflamed, they can no longer move easily through the sheath, causing the finger to catch or lock. Common causes include:

1. Repetitive Movements: Frequent gripping or holding objects tightly can strain the tendons.
2. Medical Conditions: Diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis are associated with a higher risk of developing trigger finger.
3. Age and Gender: It is more common in people over 40 and tends to affect women more than men.
4. Occupation: Jobs that require repetitive hand use, such as farming, industrial work, or musicianship, can increase the risk.

 The symptoms of trigger finger can range from mild to severe and may include:

1. Stiffness: Particularly in the morning.
2. Popping or Clicking Sensation: When moving the finger or thumb.
3. Tenderness or Lump: At the base of the affected finger or thumb.
4. Pain: When bending or straightening the finger.
5. Locking: The finger may become stuck in a bent position and then suddenly pop straight.

Treatment for trigger finger depends on the severity of the condition and how long it has been present. Options include:

1. Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms can help reduce inflammation.
2. Splinting: Wearing a splint to keep the finger straight, especially at night, can provide relief.
3. Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and swelling.
4. Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen and improve flexibility in the fingers can be beneficial.

Interventional Treatments: 

1. Steroid Injections: Corticosteroids injected into the tendon sheath can reduce inflammation and allow the tendon to move freely again.

In severe cases, a surgical procedure known as a tenolysis or trigger finger release may be necessary to release the affected tendon.